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Ecuador is divided into 4 main regions, each with their own unique landscape type. Within Ecuadors territory there lies the Galapagos, the Pacific coast, the Andes, and the Amazon. This diverse varition in landscape gives Ecuador the distinction of being the biggest biodiverse area in the world (9.2 species per square kilometer).
Ecuador's capital is Quito, which is in the province of Pichincha in the Sierra region. Its largest city is Guayaquil, in the province of Guayas on the Coast. Cotopaxi, which is just south of Quito, features one of the world's highest active volcanoes. The top of Mount Chimborazo (6,310-m above sea level) is considered to be the most distant point from the center of the earth, given the ovoidal shape of the planet (wider at the equator).
Although the country is not particularly large (the size of the U.S. state of Colorado), there is great variety in the climate, largely determined by altitude. The Pacific coastal area has a tropical climate, with a severe rainy season. The climate in the Andean highlands is temperate and relatively dry; and the Amazon basin on the eastern side of the mountains has a wet and humid climate.
Because of its location at the equator, Ecuador experiences little variation in daylight hours during the course of a year.
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