Norte de Santander (North Santander) is a department in the north of the country, bordering Venezuela. Its capital is Cúcuta.
North Santander Department is bounded by the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela to the east and north with the Santander Department and Boyaca Department to the south; South Santander Department and Cesar Department to the east..
The official Department name in Spanish is "Departamento de Norte de Santander" (North Santander Department) in honor to the Colombian military and political leader Francisco de Paula Santander. North Santander Department is located in the northwestern zone of the Colombian Andean Region.
The area of present day Norte de Santander played an important role in the history of Colombia, during the War of Independence from Spain when Congress gave origin to the Greater Colombia in Villa del Rosario.
North Santander has a varied geography and is composed by mountainous areas, deserts, plateaus, plains and hills, with municipalities of heights very varied, this make in landscapes and climates immensely rich. Throughout his territory they cross by rivers and lagoons.
The Department consists of three natural regions: the most fragmented part is represented by the Eastern Mountain range, it begins in the site known as Naked Santurbán and soon it becomes the Mountainous area of the Motilones. On the other hand, the plains of the Catatumbo River and the Zulia River are located to the Northwest andthe valley of the Magdalena River is located to the south.
The sector of influence of the Catatumbo river has temperatures averaging 24 °C with warm climates and humid, whereas in the zone of Cúcuta, it varies of dry to very dry; and in the mountainous area, great variety of climates that go from the temperings to the very cold ones, including inferior appears to the 12 °C.
A rich hydrographic system crosses the Department with three river basins of great importance: to the north the one of the Catatumbo river, to the west the one of the Magdalena river and to the southwest, the one of the Orinoco river.
North Santander has a very interesting demography, specially due its border localization. Cúcuta has biggest population of Venezuelans in Colombia.
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Western
Northern
Eastern
South-West
Centre
Southeast
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