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Arauca is located in the extreme north of the Orinoco region of Colombia (the Llanos Oriental). The department borders Venezuela to the east and the Casanare and the Meta Rivers in the south. To the west it shares a border with the Boyacá Department. 
Six indigenous peoples of Colombia live in twenty six reserves (resguardos) which cover an area of 1,281.67 km².
Arauca (town) is the capital city of the Arauca Department. Its full name is Villa de Santa Bárbara de Arauca. Both the construction of a bridge called Puente José Antonio Páez which connects with Venezuela as well as the completion of a highway to Bogotá, called 'The Route of the Liberators' (La Ruta de los Libertadores) have stimulated the economy. Arauca town is now on the main route between Caracas and Bogotá.
Arauca’s primary industry use to be cattle ranching, but extraction of petroleum from oil sands has since taken over 
as the main industry.
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